High Functioning Autism Checklist
Autism is a spectrum, and every person with autism is different and unique. It is often said, “If you know one person with autism, you know one person with autism.” This suggests that autism does not always present the same way, even within families, and a person with autism will have different signs and traits than others with autism. Oftentimes, these signs are not recognized until adulthood. Someone with mild signs of autism may not find their life impacted much at all. Sometimes we refer to these individuals as having high-functioning autism.
What is High-Functioning Autism?
While not an official medical diagnosis, the term “high-functioning autism” refers to a pattern of disordered traits and behavior consistent with a diagnosis of autism but still allows the individual to function relatively well in society.
According to the DSM-IV an early diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder (or ASD) can be made when there are “persistent deficits in each of three areas of social communication and interaction” and “at least two of four types of restricted, repetitive behaviors.” In 2013, the DSM-V was released. In the DSM-V, the broader diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Diagnosis replaced the previous grouping of Autistic Disorder, Asperger’s Disorder, and Pervasive Developmental Disorder.
A person who would have previously been diagnosed with Asperger’s Disorder is now thought of as having “high functioning autism” on the ASD spectrum.
What are the Signs of High-Functioning Autism?
People with high-functioning autism may have developed a series of coping mechanisms and compensatory strategies over time that help to “mask” the signs of autism, which can make it more difficult to determine autism severity. These individuals, especially if they were not diagnosed as children, may not realize that they have autism and see their ASD behaviors and coping mechanisms in daily life as normal.
It is important to remember that one individual will not exhibit every single one of these traits, and the degree to which these traits are exhibited will differ from person to person. Autism can look slightly different in a child than in an adult who may have learned how to adapt their behaviors. In addition, the signs of autism can differ widely in women and girls versus men and boys.
Signs of High-Functioning Autism in Children
Children with high-functioning autism are likely to exhibit a wide range of symptoms in early childhood including:
Delayed speech
Fear of social situations
May appear more mature for their age and have above-average intelligence
A tendency to avoid eye contact
Trouble deviating from a routine or adapting to changes
Trouble making friends and maintaining social relationships or not “fitting in” with peers.
May often interrupt or “speak over” others.
May become obsessive over their hobbies and interests.
Difficulty sharing with others and may be thought of as “shy.”
Toe walking or other unusual movement patterns
Speaking in a monotone voice or using abnormal tone and pitch when speaking
Frequent stimming (unusual repetitive patterns of behavior such as hand-flapping or nail-picking) or fidgeting
Sensitive to different textures of food
Sensitive to bright lights, loud noises, and strong smells
Trouble with fine motor activities (such as writing with pencils or pens)
Excellent memory
Resistance to touch (such as hugs or hand holding)
Unaware of personal space
Seeming to be disinterested in activities or conversations going around them
Inability to perceive danger or ulterior motives in everyday life
Inability to self-regulate or regulate emotions especially when overstimulated, may lead to meltdowns or tantrums
Uncomfortable with or confused by sarcasm, joking, and small talk
Signs of High-Functioning Autism in Adults
The common signs of high-functioning autism in adults are very similar to those in children but will change situationally as children grow up.
It is a good idea to review the childhood list in addition to the one below, as many of the signs may overlap. Some of the most common traits in adults include:
Inability to maintain eye contact without discomfort
Trouble assessing social cues
Anxiety in social settings
Has a hard time with the nuances of verbal communication and trouble understanding jokes and sarcasm
Rituals and restrictive habits
Easily overloaded by sensory input or overwhelmed
Trouble making decisions
Adherence to strict routines
Noticing sensory input (sounds, smells, etc.) that others don’t
Difficulty speaking in a two-way conversation
Ability to “hyper-focus” on work or a specific interest
Experiencing emotions more intensely than others
Frustration with even small changes or disruptions
Sensitivity to light, noise, or smell
Difficulty with transitions; frequently late
Would prefer to listen and observe than speak and interact
Often accused of being rude or blunt.
May have perfectionism in certain areas.
Prefers to work at home or away from others
Avoids stressful social situations such as parties
May be seen as “selfish” due to being overly concerned with oneself.
Has a hard time tracking when more than one conversation is occurring at once
Tends to take things literally.
Another common sign of ASD in both children and adults is the presence of common co-occurring disorders, including anxiety disorders, depression, ADHD, OCD, and bipolar disorder.
Can a Person with High-Functioning Autism Live a Normal Life?
Absolutely! Many people on the Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) spectrum lead full and enriching lives. While some individuals may face specific challenges, particularly in social communication or sensory processing, they can develop effective coping mechanisms and thrive with the right support. There's no single "normal" path for anyone, including those with ASD.
Many individuals on the spectrum build successful careers, maintain fulfilling relationships, achieve academic goals, and contribute meaningfully to their communities. Remember, focusing on individual experiences and strengths is key to understanding the true diversity and potential within the ASD community.
Should I Pursue a Diagnosis of Autism?
For an adult, the decision of whether or not to get an official diagnosis is a very personal one. For some people pursuing an autism diagnosis can provide:
Explanations: Long-standing struggles with social interactions, sensory processing, communication, and repetitive behaviors finally receive an explanation. This can be immensely validating, bringing a sense of relief from feeling "different" or like you've somehow "failed" at navigating life.
Shifting perspective: Understanding your neurodiversity as a unique way of processing the world can lead to self-acceptance. You may begin to appreciate your strengths and sensitivities, viewing them as valuable aspects of your personality rather than flaws or weaknesses.
Access to support: A diagnosis can open doors to helpful resources and support services specifically tailored to the needs of individuals with ASD. This may include therapy, support groups, and disability accommodations.
Improved daily life: With the right support and strategies, managing common ASD challenges can become easier, leading to a better overall quality of life. This may involve developing coping mechanisms for sensory overload, improving communication skills, or learning effective organizational methods.
Community and belonging: Connecting with others on the spectrum can provide a sense of belonging and understanding. Sharing experiences and challenges with individuals who "get it" can be incredibly validating and supportive.
Living authentically: With self-acceptance and the support of your community, you can approach life with greater confidence and authenticity. You can embrace your unique way of being and contribute your valuable perspective to the world around you.
There is Hope For You
The impact of an ASD diagnosis and treatment is individual. Approach it with realistic expectations and seek professional guidance throughout the process. However, for many, it can be a key that unlocks a deeper understanding of yourself, empowers you to take control of your life, and helps you discover the fulfilling path of acceptance and belonging.
Here at the Thriving Wellness Center, we specialize in ASD Evaluations and ASD Treatment. We have locations in New York and New Jersey and perform thorough and professional ASD testing and therapy in-person and virtually. If you are newly diagnosed with ASD or interested in getting a diagnosis in New York, New Jersey, or virtually please contact us to see how we can help you improve your life.
